Hallucinated citations or references are citations, bibliographic entries, sources, publications, authors, articles, books, journals, DOIs, URLs, or other scholarly references that are fabricated, non-existent, inaccurately represented, or generated without reliable verification, but are presented in a manuscript as genuine sources of scholarly information. Such practices undermine the integrity and accuracy of the scholarly record and are thus a serious publication-ethics issue.
Chitkara University Publications (CUP) follows a zero-tolerance policy toward hallucinated citations and references. Authors are responsible for ensuring that all citations and references included in their manuscripts are authentic, accurate, relevant, and verifiable. At time of manuscript submission and during editorial assessment, any hallucinated citation or reference will lead to rejection of the manuscript. If hallucinated citations or references are discovered during the production stage after the manuscript has been accepted, the article will be withdrawn immediately and will not proceed to publication. Hallucinated citation or reference will lead to retraction of an article if it is discovered after the article is published.
Editorial and Author Responsibility
Before submitting articles, authors are responsible for making careful and accurate reference checks to verify the existence of the cited sources and the validity of the claim for which they are cited. Appropriate checks may also be carried out by editors or reviewers if required. Chitkara University Publications reserves the right to take strict measures in cases involving fabricated, unverifiable, or hallucinated citations and references, in order to safeguard the integrity, credibility, and scholarly record of its publications.
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