Next Generation Probiotics and Postbiotics: Modulating the Gut Brain Axis in Alzheimer’s Disease

Home > 2025, Vol. 13 No. 01 > Next Generation Probiotics and Postbiotics: Modulating the Gut Brain Axis in Alzheimer’s Disease
Published: November 24, 2025
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Authors

Mariyam Hussain and Mohammad Ikram

DOI Number
https://doi.org/10.15415/jptrm.2025.131006
Keywords
Alzheimer’s disease, Probiotics, Gut-brain axis, Microbiome, Neuroinflammation

Abstract

Background: Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative condition involving cognitive impairment, amyloid β deposition, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The gut-brain axis plays a crucial role in neurological health, as gut microbiota influence brain function through various mechanisms, including immune, metabolic, and neuronal pathways. Probiotics have been known to modulate gut microbiota and enhance cognitive effects in Alzheimer’s disease for a long time. However, next-generation probiotics and postbiotics present more specific and promising methods to curtail neuroinflammation and amyloid pathology.

Purpose: This review evaluates the potential of next-generation probiotics and postbiotics in Alzheimer’s disease, focusing on their neuroprotective mechanisms, safety, preclinical efficacy, and translational prospects.

Method: We conducted a comprehensive literature search using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, focusing on studies published up to 2025. Relevant preclinical and clinical studies were screened, and data on mechanism, efficacy, and translational potential were summarised.

Result: Evidence indicates that next-generation probiotics restore gut microbial equilibrium, decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines, promote mitophagy, and fortify the intestinal and blood-brain barriers. These actions enhance cognition, decrease amyloid and tau pathology, and safeguard neurons. Postbiotics have comparable neuroprotective actions, with additional benefits of stability and ease of standardisation. Challenges to clinical translation include variability in formulation, poor understanding of gut-brain interactions, degradation during passage through the gastrointestinal tract, and interindividual variability in the composition of the microbiome.

Conclusion: Modulation of the gut-brain axis through next-generation probiotics and postbiotics is a promising multi-targeted approach for Alzheimer’s disease, conferring neuroprotection and potentially disease-modifying effects. Future research will include the creation of targeted NGP strains, isolation of neuroactive postbiotic compounds, concurrent use of microbiome-derived therapies with standard treatment of AD, and tailoring interventions according to personalised gut profiles. These strategies can potentially boost cognitive performance, retard disease progression, and enhance quality of life for AD patients.

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How to Cite

Mariyam Hussain and Mohammad Ikram. Next Generation Probiotics and Postbiotics: Modulating the Gut Brain Axis in Alzheimer’s Disease. J. Pharm. Technol. Res. Manag.. 2025, 13, 69-92
Next Generation Probiotics and Postbiotics: Modulating the Gut Brain Axis in Alzheimer’s Disease

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Issue-2December
ISSN Print2321-2217
ISSN Online2321-2225
RNI No.CHAENG/2013/50088

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Articles in Journal of Pharmaceutical Technology, Research and Management (J. Pharm. Tech. Res. Management) by Chitkara University Publications are Open Access articles that are published with licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- CC-BY 4.0 International License. Based on a work at https://jptrm.chitkara.edu.in/. This license permits one to use, remix, tweak and reproduction in any medium, even commercially provided one give credit for the original creation.

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Technology, Research and Management by Chitkara University Publications is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at https://jptrm.chitkara.edu.in//

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ISSN (p): 2321-2217 ; ISSN (e): 2321-2225 ; RNI No: CHAENG/2013/50088

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