Diabetic Retinopathy: An Insight into Clinical Features, Therapeutic Approaches, and Implications

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that affects the heart, brain, eye, and other organs. Diabetic microvascular complications includes retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Diabetic retinopathy is a multifactorial disease that develops as a consequence of microvascularcom plications, which causes damage to the retina by damaging the ocular fundus which further leads to visual loss.

Purpose: Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment works to prevent, delay or reduce vision loss. Non-pharmacological treatment include nutraceuticals (they have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant property) and pharmacological treatment includes anti-VEGF agents, corticosteroids, and specific moieties. Treatment with nutraceuticals in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy could be a viable option for intervening before the disease progresses.

Conclusion: This review briefly elucidates the emerging condition of diabetic retinopathy from epidemiological, pathophysiological, and therapeutic aspects including the emerging uses of nutraceuticals in diabetic retinopathy. If we control glucose and blood pressure levels in diabetic patients, it may halt the progression and development of diabetic retinopathy.

  • Page Number : 17-27
  • Keywords
    Diabetes, Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Nutraceuticals, Carotenoids
  • DOI Number
    10.15415/jptrm.2021.91003
  • Authors
    • Rupinder Kaur
    • Rithik, Kirti
    • Suman Baishnab
    • Shareen Singh

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  • Published Date : 2021-05-07